If warts appear near the anus, it means that the human papillomavirus (HPV) has progressed throughout the body. A dangerous infection that can lead to oncology, death in the active stage. Diagnosis and treatment should be timely.
What is Human Papilloma Virus?
HPV is a common genital infection that causes warts to appear in intimate areas through active cell division. The group of viruses from the papillomavirus family includes 5 genera, 27 species, more than 170 strains. HPV is infected with approximately 60% of the world's population. In most cases, the virus has been in the body for many years in a latent form.
Incubation period
Replication takes 3 months when the virus does not manifest itself in any way. In some cases, the incubation period ranges from 16 days to 12 months, depending on the immune status. In this period, the infection multiplies and affects healthy tissue. Immunity of young women alone eliminates HPV in 80-90% of cases. In the remaining 10-20%, the infection intensifies and the disease becomes chronic.
Infection routes
Human papillomavirus infection in women enters the body in the following ways:
- Sexual. The main route of infection, where the infection enters the body through anal, vaginal contact.
- Communication and home. The use of things, clothes, shoes, household items of a sick person.
- From mother to fetus. If the mother is infected, HPV is passed to the baby as it passes through the birth canal.
- Contact. Contact with the skin of an infected person.
Causes of HPV in Women
Strong immunity destroys the virus in 90% of cases and no treatment is required. It becomes active in the rest of the patients, it recurs. Causes of HPV in women include:
- viral diseases;
- early sexual activity;
- HIV AIDS;
- frequent change of sexual partners;
- immunosuppressive therapy;
- unprotected intercourse;
- long-term medication;
- childbirth, frequent abortions;
- diabetes;
- drug addiction, alcoholism in women;
- chronic diseases of the genitourinary sphere;
- weak immunity after illness.
what is dangerous
In women, papillomavirus causes malignant tumors of the cervix, labia, vulva and anus. Breast cancer can progress. To exclude uterine dysplasia and the further development of cancer, it is necessary to timely identify the DNA virus and begin treatment. HPV during pregnancy is fraught with infection of the fetus. If a woman gets sick while carrying a fetus, complex treatment begins at the age of 7 months, when the organs of the child are fully formed.
Oncogenic HPV types
Depending on the degree of cancer risk, the following types of HPV are distinguished in women:
- Non-oncogenic. HPV types 1, 2, 4, 5. Pathogenic changes in cells are excluded, cancer does not develop.
- Low oncogenic. HPV types 3, 6, 11, 13, 32, 34, 40–44, 51, 61, 72, 73 do not cause persistent immune oncology. Under the influence of provoking factors, the development of a malignant tumor is possible.
- Moderately oncogenic. HPV types 52, 53, 56, 58 and 30, 35, 45. Cancer develops under the influence of provoking factors.
- Extremely oncogenic. HPV types 50, 59, 68, 64, 70 and 16, 18, 31, 33, 39. The probability of developing oncology is high.
HPV 16 and 18 types
HPV type 16 is highly oncogenic. The microbe invades the body's cells, blocking the antitumor defenses. In the genital area, anus, gray spots with a rough surface appear. Over time, warts, papillomas and condylomas form. They are localized not only on the genitals, but also on the neck, eyelids, thighs and armpits.
HPV type 18 also integrates into the DNA of cells, reduces the activity of the immune system, which creates favorable conditions for benign tumors prone to malignancy. Cervical cancer may develop. HPV type 18 also causes papillomas, genital warts and warts.
signs of infection
Symptoms of infection depend on the strains a person has contracted. At first, the carrier of HPV does not feel discomfort. The virus is in the latent (asymptomatic) form. Under the influence of provoking factors, the following HPV symptoms appear:
- pain in the external genitalia;
- burning sensation, vaginal discharge;
- skin neoplasms;
- pain during intercourse.
Papillomas and condylomas
Skin growths are the first sign of HPV. Genital warts occur when infected with 6, 11 types of viruses. The growths are flesh-colored, outwardly reminiscent of cauliflower. Such neoplasms are usually prone to malignancy, localized close to the anus, external genitalia, rarely the oral cavity. Rashes are numerous, can merge into large foci. The main danger is the risk of injury from such an accumulation on a slender leg.
Papillomas are caused by the activity of HPV types 1, 2, 3, 4, 10. It is localized on the lips, eyelids, chest, neck, armpits and mouth. Dense viscous growths on the leg change color (pink, brown, pale). In women, vestibular papillomatosis may worsen. The disease cannot be cured. With strong immunity, such growths disappear without treatment, the risk of malignancy is minimal.
warts
In women, the following types of warts are distinguished in shape:
- Ordinary (vulgar). Localized on the face, head, fingers, hands. Plantar warts appear on the soles of the feet caused by HPV types 1, 2.
- fibrous. Nodules on the leg are located in the groin, armpits and under the mammary glands, on the genitals.
- Straight (young). Localized in the armpits, neck, arms, face and chest. They appear in adolescence, disappear on their own when they grow up. Caused by type 3, 5 virus.
diagnosis
To speed up the recovery of girls and women, you need to be examined and correctly determine the type of virus. In dangerous situations, a woman is registered in the department of venereal diseases. Diagnosis is complex, includes the following methods:
- Instrumental examination by a gynecologist. The doctor detects skin neoplasms, determines their size and localization.
- colposcopy. A colposcope is used to examine the vagina, cervix, and vulva. For accuracy of work use Lugol solution, acetic acid.
- Biopsy. Biomaterial scraping from the cervix is performed to confirm or exclude oncology.
- PCR (polymerase chain reaction). It determines the presence of human papillomavirus DNA.
- ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). It is carried out to detect specific antibodies in the blood in response to the action of the virus.
PAP smear test
This method is used in gynecology. A scraping is done from the cervix to identify cancerous changes in the epithelium. The material is taken from the cervical canal, the mucous membrane on the inside of the cervix and the vaginal fornix. It is dyed, dried and then examined under a microscope. The purpose of the test is to identify atypical and cancerous cells.
The stages of evaluating the results are as follows:
- lack of microbial flora;
- the first stage of atypical cells;
- abnormal structure of nuclei;
- cells with irregular nucleus, cytoplasm, chromosomes;
- high concentration of malignant cells.
PCR diagnosis
A scraping is taken from the vagina to identify regions of DNA characteristic of the papillomavirus. With a positive result, the antigen concentration per 100 cells is as follows:
- Up to 3 Lg - HPV concentration is low.
- Lg 3-5 is a large amount of papillomavirus.
- Lg from 5 - high HPV concentration.
Digene test
This is a hybrid capture method that detects regions of papillomavirus DNA. Screening test, high sensitivity (more than 96%), detects HPV at an early stage and has a tendency to oncology. The Digene test determines the concentration of the virus, usually in conjunction with a cytological study. The Digene test requires no preparation and is used worldwide for fast results.
Treatment of papillomavirus in women
Complex HPV treatment includes the following areas:
- skin growth excision;
- taking antiviral drugs;
- immunostimulating therapy course.
Condylomas and papillomas are easy to injure, depending on their location on the body. In addition, neoplasms can grow. Such growths are best removed surgically. Otherwise, there is an increased risk that skin lesions will soon turn into cancer.
Medication
It is necessary to take drugs to reduce the activity of the virus, strengthen the immune system. Diagnosis is treatable. The list of drugs for the complex treatment of HPV:
- Local cauterizers. These are gels, ointments, solutions with organic acids, antiviral components in the composition. In this way, you can remove small formations on the skin and stop their growth.
- Antiviral. The composition of the drugs includes an antiviral component, when it enters the body, antibodies to the infection are produced.
- Immunomodulators. It inhibits the reproduction of the papilloma virus, stops the growth of skin growths, increases resistance to pathogenic flora, strengthens the immune system.
Surgical
To stop the growth of neoplasms on the skin with a viral disease, one of the recommended surgical techniques is performed:
- laser therapy. Cauterization of growths with a laser. The method allowed during pregnancy is characterized by good tolerance, rapid rehabilitation.
- cryodestruction. Warts are frozen with liquid nitrogen, after which they disappear painlessly. After the procedure, there is no trace on the body.
- Diathermoagulation. Growths on the skin are removed with an electric scalpel, electric current. After the procedure, scars and scars remain on the body.
- Radio wave therapy. The method is painless, removes medium-sized growths, does not leave scars and has a minimum of medical contraindications.
- Surgical method. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia after a preliminary examination. Indications - extensive soft tissue lesions, suspicion of oncology. The downside is scars.
folk remedies
To eliminate the manifestations of the papilloma virus in the scheme of complex therapy, methods of alternative medicine are used. It is impossible to cure HPV from the inside in this way, but it is really possible to eliminate neoplasms on the skin without consequences. To remove genital warts, warts and papillomas, use the following wellness recipes:
- Take a fresh stalk of celandine, rinse, rub the growths on the skin. Carry out the procedure 1 time per day until the wart dries up and falls off on its own.
- Lubricate the warts with castor oil 3-4 times a day. Follow the procedure until the buildup disappears.
- Squeeze the garlic juice, lubricate the lesions of the pathology. Perform the procedure 2-3 times / day. Over time, the wart will disappear.
- Cut the rowan fruit in half. Apply to wart, fix with plaster. Perform the procedure before going to bed, positive dynamics will be noticeable after 8 days. The course of treatment is 2-3 weeks.
- Combine lemon juice, apple cider vinegar, and hydrogen peroxide in equal proportions. Mix, apply to outer growths 2-3 times a day until they fall off.
To quickly destroy the virus and strengthen the immune system, instead of tea, medicinal decoctions and infusions can be included in the scheme of complex therapy. Folk remedies with immunostimulating properties are as follows:
- Coniferous infusion. Pour 1 tbsp. I. chopped needles 1 cup boiling water. Cook on medium heat for a quarter of an hour. Cool, strain, take the broth before meals (you can add honey).
- Sugar onion. Cook in boiling water for 10 minutes. Onion peel in a ratio of 1: 10. Insist broth, strain. Take 1 teaspoon orally. Before meals 5-6 times a day (honey can be added).
prophylaxis
It is difficult to choose the right drug and destroy the papilloma virus forever. In addition, antiviral therapy has a number of side effects. You need to take care of timely preventive measures. Medical recommendations are as follows:
- Follow the rules of personal hygiene.
- Get an HPV test twice a year.
- Eliminate random sex.
- Use barrier contraception.
- Strengthen the immune system (especially in the period of seasonal vitamin deficiency).
- Monitor your medication intake.
- Lead an active lifestyle, play sports.
Prevention of HPV in women includes vaccination. Fixed vaccination can protect against only 4 types of papillomavirus - 16 and 18, 6 and 11.